MANAGEMENT BY MARY COULTER PART 2 (SUMMARY)

Classical approach: 

Making organizations and workers as efficient as possible. Scientific management, one best way to do your job.

The four principles of scientific management

1.  The development of a true science

2. The scientific selection of the workman

3. The scientific education and development of the workman

4. Intimate and friendly cooperation between the management and the men

·         General administrative, an approach to management that focuses on describing what managers do and what constitutes good management practice.

1.      Division of work (specialization increases output by making employees more efficient)

2.      Authority (Managers must be able to give orders and authority gives them this right)

3.      Discipline (Employees must obey and respect the rules that govern the organization)

4.      Order (People and materials should be in the right place at the right time)

5.      Equity (Managers should be kind and fair to their subordinates)

*bureaucracy, a form of organization characterized by division of labor, a clearly defined hierarchy, detailed rules and regulations and impersonal relationships. (Division of labor, authority hierarchy, formal selection, formal rules and regulations, impersonality, career orientation) Page 45

Quantitative approach: 

The use of quantitative techniques to improve decision making, within total quality management: a philosophy of management that is driven by continuous improvement and responsiveness to customer needs and expectations.

1.      Intense focus on the customer, ( buyers)

2.      Continual improvement, (quality management, never satisfied)

3.      Process focused, (improve work processes and goods and services)

4.      Improvement in the quality of everything ( after sales service of a company)

5.      Accurate measurement (measure variables in organization operations)

6.      Empowerment of employees, (people on the line improvement process)

      Behavioral approach

·         Organizational behavior, a field of study that researches the actions (behavior) of people at work. What can lead to a higher productivity?

       Contemporary approaches

·         Systems approach; a set of interrelated and interdependent parts arranged in a manner that produces a unified whole.

1.      Open system that interact with their environment

2.      Closed system that not interact with their environment

·         Contingency approach: a management approach which says that organizations are different, face different situations, and require different ways of managing.

Variables: Routine of task technology, environmental uncertainty, individual differences, organization size.